Anderson, “On the Existence of Maximum Likelihood Estimates in Logistic Regression Models,” Biometrika, Vol.
Solberg, “Health Care Contacts in the Year Before Suicide Death,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol. Waitzfelder, Rebecca Rossom, Frances Lynch, Ashli Owen-Smith, Enid M. Simon, Christine Stewart, Arne Beck, Beth E. Kennedy, Cops Under Fire: Law Enforcement Officers Killed with Assault Weapons or Guns with High Capacity, Washington, D.C.: Handgun Control, Inc., 1995. Abutaleb, Yasmeen, and William Wan, “After Trump Blames Mental Illness for Mass Shootings, Health Agencies Ordered to Hold All Posts on Issue,” Washington Post, August 20, 2019.Abadie, Alberto, Alexis Diamond, and Jens Hainmueller, “Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol.Originally published MaFurther Reading on This Topic Emergency department data show that in 2014 there were more than 1.5 million admissions to hospital emergency departments for assault of these, 60,470 (3.8 percent) were firearm-related (CDC, 2017c). Using mortality data, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that there were 19,510 homicides in the United States in 2017, for a rate of 5.99 per 100,000 people of these, 14,542 (75 percent) were caused by a firearm (CDC, 2019a).
That is, some prevented firearm homicides might still end in a homicide with a knife or other weapon.ĭeath certificate data and emergency department admission data provide additional insights into the prevalence and consequences of violent crime. Nationwide, firearms were used in 72.6 percent of all instances of murder or nonnegligent manslaughter, 40.6 percent of robberies, and 26.3 percent of aggravated assaults in 2017 (FBI, 2018a).Īs with the suicide outcome, we separately consider total homicides and firearm homicides because reductions in firearm homicides do not necessarily have a one-to-one correspondence with overall homicide rates, given that there may be some substitution of means for committing a homicide.
The overall violent crime rate was 400.0 per 100,000 people, with the highest rate for aggravated assault (252.4 per 100,000), followed by robbery (101.2 per 100,000), rape (42.4 per 100,000), and murder or nonnegligent manslaughter (5.3 per 100,000) (FBI, 2018e). Data from the program indicate that there were approximately 1.25 million violent crimes in the United States in 2017, including 810,825 aggravated assaults, 319,356 robberies, 135,755 rapes, and 17,284 instances of murder or nonnegligent manslaughter (FBI, 2018d). One source of data on violent crime is the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, which relies on voluntary reporting of crimes by city, university/college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement agencies. And policies that make it easier for criminals or suspected criminals to arm themselves could result in more officer-involved shootings if police officers expect most suspects to pose a threat of deadly force (Kivisto, Ray, and Phalen, 2017). Policies that expand the number of gun owners or people carrying guns could deter violent crime if would-be attackers fear confrontations with armed victims (Kleck, 2009), or the policies might make the consequences of violent crime less severe for victims if they are able to successfully use firearms to repel attackers. Policies that make the use of firearms during assaults more or less common could affect both firearm and overall murder rates because assaults involving weapons that are less lethal than firearms will result in fewer deaths (Cook, 1983).
Gun policies could affect violent crime rates.
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Firearm Sales Reporting, Recording, and Registration Requirements.